If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. The street is named Bolton Avenue. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. West is directly opposite east. is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. When to Capitalize North, South, East and West. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Hello! For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . Use lower case for generic or plural references. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. Consult your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. A recognized geographical region. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' Please include the research youve done. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white Capitalize directions that are names; North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! "I" is always capitalized, along with all its . Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. South-East Albania? However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. Is that an argument? Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. So, noun will be always first capital letter. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. How do I connect these two faces together? North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. Here are some rules to follow. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. The North, The East, The South, and The West. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. The names of things are known as common nouns. Capitalizing the Word States If a writer refers to the United States and refers to it only as the States, states must be capitalized. Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? However, be consistent and do not write: "Visitors to southern California climbed while visitors to northern California fell." Should south be capitalized? For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. In headlines, the periods are omitted. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. Filed Under: Capitalize these words when they designate regions. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. Have you ever visited the Western United States? Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Currently, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary capitalizes Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner, while Websters New World College Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language only capitalize Midwesterner and allow northerner, southerner, and westerner to be capitalized or lowercased.7. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. Is north capitalized there? Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When does a locational distinction change its suffix and capitialization in a proper name? Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. There's not enough context in your example to offer any solid advice (e.g., the "north" of where? Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. are not capitalized when they merely denote compass direction. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . The periods are omitted in headlines. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. The sentence which is capitalized correctly is My easiest classes are Chemistry and Spanish. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. This is known as 'title case'. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). So, noun will be always first capital letter. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). My friend is a southerner. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. 5 Should states and territories be Capitalised? She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. When referring to a specific region, you should capitalize the words East Coast such as Im traveling to the East Coast since East Coast is a proper noun in this case. @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. capitalization, maps, writing tips. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. Instead of using the frequently used double-space, only use one space after a period to properly follow AP style guidelines. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. . Do you like West Asia? Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. The mines are in the plateaus western region. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they aren't usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. . Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . Common nouns are the names of things. Back East. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. So, option 2 is correct. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Can you drive with a broken front differential? the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Drive south for five miles. What states in the US are consider southern states? It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . Copyright 2022 - TheContentAuthority.com, Reindeer Vs. Moose: Main Differences, How To Tell Them Apart. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Federal or federal? But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. So the upshot of my answer is that you didn't miss the memo (or perhaps I should say The Memo) on this issue, but at the same time you didn't notice a larger phenomenon in accordance with which initial-capping Southern California is by no means a unique, inexplicable, or indefensible treatment of a regional name. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War.
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